Physical development of the child by month. Child development by months to one year

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When assessing the physical development of a child, it is necessary to know his height, body weight, and the proportions of development of individual parts of the body.

The degree of physical development depends both on genetic characteristics and on a complex set of social conditions.

Distinguish endogenous And exogenous reasons (factors) affecting body weight, height and other indicators after birth.

Endogenous causes depend on the effect that the endocrine glands have on increasing height and body weight. In the earliest period, this influence comes from the thymus gland, from the end of the first year of life - from the thyroid gland, and from 3-4 years - from the pituitary gland. The level of hormones involved in the growth process and the sensitivity of tissues to their action are determined by the genotype. Hormones that promote growth are: pituitary growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormones and insulin. GH stimulates chondrogenesis, and thyroid hormones have a greater effect on osteogenesis. The implementation of many of the effects of growth hormone is facilitated by a complex of insulin-like growth factors 1, 2 and 3. The role of growth hormone has a relatively small effect on the growth of a child up to 2-3 years of age and is especially important from 3 to 11 years of age.

Exogenous factors- these are the conditions in which a child finds himself after birth. This is primarily nutrition (plastic and energy material). Quantitative and qualitative undernutrition first of all inhibits the increase in body weight, and then growth.
A certain role is attributed to ultraviolet rays, and therefore the increase in body weight and height has seasonal fluctuations. Climatic and geographical conditions also play a certain role. The growth of a child is influenced by movements that increase bone growth and enhance metabolism. Physical development serves as an indicator of the functional maturity of the organism.

To assess the physical development of children under 1 year of age, it is better to use the following indicators:

Height;
Body weight;
Proportionality of development (head circumference; chest circumference, some anthropometric indices);
Static functions (child’s motor skills);
Timely eruption of baby teeth (in children under 2 years of age).

World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 New anthropometric tables are presented that determine the norms of height and weight for children from birth to 5 years:

HEIGHT

The most stable indicator of physical development is the child’s height. It determines the absolute length of the body and, accordingly, the increase in body size. As well as the development, maturation of its organs and systems, the formation of functions in a given period of time.

Throughout a child’s life, the growth process proceeds unevenly, sometimes intensifying, sometimes slowing down. Anthropometric indicators are assessed mainly using 2 methods: parametric or sigmal and non-parametric - centile. Parametric scale includes the arithmetic mean (“norm”) and deviations from it, measured by the value of sigma (standard deviation). show the quantitative boundaries of a trait in a certain proportion or percentage (centile) of children of a given age and gender. The values taken as normal values are in the intervals of the 25th-50th-75th centile (it is advisable to evaluate by the 50th centile) (see: Table 1 and Table 2).

The greatest growth energy occurs in the first quarter of the year (Table A). In full-term newborns, height ranges from 46 to 60 cm. On average - 48-52 cm, but adaptive growth indicators are considered to be 50-52 cm. This means that adaptation in the prenatal period occurred not only at the organismal level, but also at the organ level and enzymatic.

Table A. Increase in height and body weight in children of the first year of life

Age, months

Growth increase per month, see	Increase in growth over the past period, see	Monthly weight gain, gr.	Body weight gain over the past period, gr.
1	3	3	600	600
2	3	6	800	1400
3	2,5	8,5	800	2200	4	2,5	11	750	2950
5	2	13	700	3650
6	2	15	650	4300
7	2	17	600	4900
8	2	19	550	5450
9	1,5	20, 5	500	5950
10	1,5	22	450	6400
11	1,5	23, 5	400	6800	12	1,5	25	350	7150

During the first year, the child gains an average of 25 cm in height, so that by the year his height is on average 75-76 cm. With the correct development of the child, the monthly increase in height can fluctuate within ± 1 cm. However, by 6 months and by one year, these growth fluctuations should not exceed 1 cm.

Growth reflects the characteristics of plastic processes occurring in the human body. This is why quality nutrition is so important. It especially contains a sufficient amount of a balanced, complete protein component and B vitamins, as well as A, D, E. Of course, the “gold standard” of optimal nutrition for children under 1 year of age is human milk. Deficiency of certain food components selectively disrupts growth processes in children. These include vitamin A, zinc, iodine. Stunting can be caused by various chronic diseases.

The height of a child in the first year of life is measured using a horizontal stadiometer. Measurements are made by 2 people. The person measuring is on the child's right side. An assistant holds the child's head in a horizontal position so that the upper edge of the ear tragus and the lower edge of the orbit are in the same plane, perpendicular to the stadiometer board. The apical part of the head should touch the vertical fixed bar. The child's arms are extended along the body. The person measuring with light pressure on the child’s knees with his left hand holds his legs in a straight position, and with his right hand moves the movable bar of the stadiometer tightly to the plantar side of the feet, bent at a right angle.

In the second year of life, the child will grow by 12-13 cm, in the third - 7-8 cm.

BODY MASS

Unlike height, body weight is a rather labile indicator that reacts relatively quickly and changes under the influence of a variety of reasons. The increase in body weight occurs especially intensively in the first quarter of the year. The body weight of full-term newborns ranges from 2600g to 4000g and averages 3-3.5 kg. However, adaptive body weight is 3250-3650 grams. Normally, most children experience a “physiological” weight loss of up to 5% by the 3-5th day of life. This is due to greater water loss with insufficient milk supply. Restoration of physiological weight loss occurs within a maximum of 2 weeks.

The dynamics of body weight is characterized by a greater increase in the first 6 months of life and less by the end of the first year. A child’s body weight doubles by 4.5 months and triples by one year, despite the fact that this figure can change and depends on nutrition, previous diseases, etc. The energy of increasing body weight gradually weakens with each month of life.

To determine body weight under the age of one year, it is better to use the table. 3.
Based on this table, the child’s weight gain for each subsequent month of life can be calculated by subtracting 50 grams from the gain of the previous month (but only after the 3rd month), or using the formula: X = 800-50 x p, where 50 is the child gains 50 g less in body weight for each subsequent month of life, after the 3rd month; n is the number of months of the child’s life minus three.
For example, in the tenth month of life, a child gains weight by 800-(50x7) = 450g.

There is another opinion that the average monthly increase in body weight in the first half of life is 800g, in the second half of the year - 400g. However, it should be emphasized that the calculation based on the data given in table. 3 is considered preferable (more physiological). Data on the assessment of body weight relative to height (body length) for boys and girls in centile intervals are given in Table. 4 and 5.

On average, by one year a child’s body weight is 10-10.5 kg. The increase in body weight in infants does not always follow this pattern. This depends on the individual characteristics of the child and a number of external factors. Children with initial low body weight have relatively large monthly weight gains. And it doubles and triples earlier than in larger children.

Formula-fed babies immediately after birth double their body weight about a month later than breast-fed babies. Body weight is a labile indicator, especially in a young child, and can change under the influence of various conditions, sometimes during the day. Therefore, body weight is an indicator of the current state of the body, in contrast to height, which does not immediately change under the influence of various conditions and is a more constant and stable indicator. A deviation of body weight from the norm of up to 10% is not considered a pathology, however, the pediatrician must analyze this loss.

Features of children born with low body weight

The group of premature and low birth weight children is very heterogeneous, since it contains both relatively healthy children and children whose low birth weight or even a shortened period of intrauterine development are associated with serious diseases. The first subgroup of children is relatively more prosperous compared to the second both in the pace of postnatal development and in health status in the first weeks and months of life.

Based on body weight at birth, it is customary to divide children into 4 groups or 4 degrees of prematurity (more precisely, degrees of low birth weight). The dynamics of the body weight of children with low birth weight differs significantly from the patterns known for children born with normal body weight.

The greatest features are characteristic of the smallest children. The relatively low increase in body weight - during the 1st month of life, and in the smallest children - during the 2nd month is associated both with greater difficulties in adaptation of these children and with a greater relative magnitude of the initial loss of body weight (analogous to the physiological loss of body weight in full-term). Its value in low-weight children (up to 1000g) reaches 15%, and even in children weighing 2000–2500 it averages about 9%.

Restoration of the initial loss in children weighing up to 1000 g occurs within up to 2 weeks, which is associated with their growth tendency, while in other groups it may be delayed until the end of the 1st month of life. Subsequently, an intensive increase in body length and weight occurs. It can be called relatively intense in the period before the child reaches the values of length and body weight characteristic of full-term mature newborns, then the magnitude of absolute increases in body weight become greater than in full-term children.

The age at which the indicators of a “normal” full-term baby are achieved, i.e. weight 3200–3500 g and length 50–51 cm, is about 1–1.5 months for children weighing 2000–2500 g, about 2–2.5 months for children weighing 1500–2000 g, and for children with body weight 1000–1500g – 3–3.5 months. The smallest ones (up to 1000g) can reach these indicators within 4–7 months.

In the catch-up development of premature infants, the highest rate is characteristic of growth in head circumference, followed by chest circumference, then total body length, and, lastly, body weight indicators level out. During the 1st half of life, the average monthly increase in body weight is about 600 g for children born with a body weight of up to 1000 g, about 740 g for those born with a body weight of 1000–1500 g, and about 870 g for those born with a body weight of 1500–2500 g.

1. For the first half of life: Mr x N M = Mr + -------- x C 2 where M is the proper or expected body weight at a given age;

Мr – body weight at birth;

N – age in months;

C – coefficient depending on body weight at birth, up to 1500 g – 1.5, at 1500 – 2000 g – 2, at greater weight – 2.7.

2. For the second half of life: For birth weight up to 1000g: Body weight at 6 months + 800g for each month over 6. For birth weight over 1000g: Body weight at 6 months + 600g for each month after 6. More intensive rates of catch-up growth in low birth weight and premature babies lead to the fact that, according to some anthropometric indicators (head and chest circumference, body length, body weight), they are compared with children born with normal body weight. The timing of leveling depends on the degree of low birth weight and can vary from 9 months to 3–4 years. PROPORTIONALITY OF DEVELOPMENT

When assessing the physical development of a child, it is necessary to know the correct relationship between body weight and height. The mass-height index (MRI) is understood as the ratio of mass to height, i.e. what is the mass per 1 cm of body length. Normally in newborns (MCI) is 60-75 g.

In addition to height and body weight, correct body proportions are important for assessing physical development. It is known that the chest circumference of full-term infants is smaller than the head circumference at birth.

Head circumference is measured with the measuring tape positioned at the back at the level of the occipital protuberance, and at the front - above the eyebrows.

To characterize the physical development of a child, a correct assessment of the characteristics of his chest is of great importance, since the vital activity of the internal organs largely depends on the shape and size of the latter. Rise chest circumference occurs most intensively in the first year of life, especially in the first 6 months.

A newborn's chest circumference is 33-35 cm. The monthly increase in the first year of life averages 1.5-2 cm per month. By the age of one year, the chest circumference increases by 15-20 cm, after which the growth energy decreases and the chest circumference increases on average by 3 cm by preschool age, and by 1-2 cm per year in preschool age.

For an individual assessment of the child’s physical development, it is important to know the periods of crossover of the head and chest circumference. In healthy children, this crossover occurs at approximately 3-4 months, and in children at 5-7 months. the crossover has not occurred, it is necessary to register and analyze the dynamics of their chest and head development. An earlier crossing may indicate developing microcephaly, so it is necessary to monitor the timing closure of the large fontanel.

The large fontanel should heal by the end of the first year in 80% of children, in other children - by 1.5 years. The anterior-posterior dimension of the chest in most full-term newborns is less than or equal to the transverse diameter. Already during the first year of life, the transverse diameter begins to prevail over the anteroposterior diameter and the shape of the chest flattens.

STATIC FUNCTIONS

Static functions are assessed taking into account the rate of motor development of the child. These are various motor skills of the child. It is necessary to take into account the ability of a child at a certain age to hold his head, make movements with his hands (feeling an object, grasping, holding a toy in one hand, performing various actions), the emergence of dynamic functions (turning from back to stomach and from stomach to back, pulling up, crawling, sitting down) , stand up, walk, run).

At 2 months the child can hold his head well,
3 months – turns well from back to stomach,
5.5–6 months - turns well from stomach to back,
6 months - sitting if he was imprisoned,
7.5 months, (when the child learns to crawl well) – sits up on his own,
9 months – well worth it
10 months – walks around the arena, holding on with his hand,
by 12 months – walks independently.

The development of static functions is facilitated by various sets of exercises for children: from 1 to 3 months; from 3 to 6 months; from 6 to 9 months; from 9 to 12 months.

TIMELY Eruption of Dairy Teeth

Teeth are formed around the 40th day of embryonic life. A child is usually born without teeth. Teething is a physiological act; the first teeth erupt at the age of 6 months. First, 2 lower middle incisors appear, by 8 months 2 upper middle incisors appear, by 10 months 2 upper lateral incisors appear. By the age of one year, 2 lower lateral incisors erupt. Thus, at 1 year of life, a child should have 8 teeth - 4/4. By the age of 2, the eruption of the remaining 12 milk teeth ends.

The skeletal system and muscular-ligamentous apparatus in children, especially young children, are characterized by physiological weakness and require strict dosed physical activity.

You can read more about teething in the article

Each of the indicators used, having an independent meaning, cannot serve as a criterion for the overall development of the child if it is considered in isolation and not in connection with other characteristics. Sex differences and indicators of physical development in the first year of life are insignificant.

Thus, the physical development of a person is understood as a set of morphological and functional characteristics in their interrelation and interdependence on environmental conditions and hereditary factors.

All mothers keep track How a child develops by month from birth to one year , going through the stages of physical and mental development, but remember that the development of a child up to one year is individual. There is no need to adjust the baby to the development chart; a discrepancy of a month is quite acceptable.

Natalya Chalaya - author's table of child development up to 1 year by month

In the table, I will tell you in as much detail as possible, based on accepted standards and my experience, how the child develops month by month. I will divide the tablet into 4 blocks, 3 months per block.

Photo of a baby at 1 month

Child development from birth to 3 months

Baby development at 1 month

He will spend most of the first month sleeping, about 70% adapting to life outside his mother's tummy and gaining weight.
The weight gain will be 700 grams - 1 kg, but these are average figures. I saw children who gained 300-500 grams. It depends on the weight your treasure was born with. The lower the weight, the more it is usually gained, and vice versa - large babies gain less.
In the first month of life, the baby will stretch 2-4 cm. A funny story happened regarding the growth of my Anechka in the maternity hospital. They measured her and wrote 56 cm on the tag. At the first measurement in a month, it turned out that her height was 46 cm. She decreased by 10 cm, or is that how our doctors take measurements?
Since there is no coordination of movements yet, and the nervous system is intensively being formed, in a dream your happiness either sleeps calmly or flaps its arms and legs randomly. Don’t think that this is some kind of fear or excessive nervousness. I advise you to swaddle your baby for the first month, so he will sleep much more calmly.
He blinks and shudders with his whole body at sharp sounds, which means his hearing is developed. It’s scarier when, on the contrary, there is no reaction to the sounds.
3 weeks after birth, gaze fixation can be checked. Bring a bright blue or red rattle to the toddler’s face and wait until it attracts his attention, and then slowly move it to the side. For a couple of seconds, the baby can already fix his attention on something interesting: a toy, his mother’s face
Closer to 4 weeks, you can notice that the baby, laid out on its tummy, tries to lift and even hold its head for a couple of seconds. Notice if your baby keeps turning his head to one side, this could be a sign of torticollis, which can be corrected with massage.
Palms clenched into a fist in a dream can be a sign of increased tone, but not by themselves, but in combination with other factors.

Development at 2 months

photo of baby at 2 months

There are fewer and fewer chaotic movements in sleep; sleepy palms gradually straighten from being clenched into a fist.
Most of the time the baby is still sleeping and eating. Breastfeeding takes a lot of energy from a mother, and to quickly restore it
She firmly grabs everything that accidentally comes into view: mother’s hair, chains, earrings. Personally, the princess grabbed my earring so hard that it tore my earlobe until it bled; naturally, I immediately took off all the earrings and chains.
Hearing your voice, he looks for the source of the sound.
He can already see at a distance of 40-50 cm, but so far he sees everything in black and white.
At 6-7 weeks, he consciously smiles when you take him in your arms and responds to speech addressed to him with the first attempts at walking. You may be able to distinguish sounds such as: a, o, u, e.
He responds to your smile with a smile and a roaring laugh. This only happened to my daughter when she was 3 months old, so I repeat, this is all conditional. For 2 months she just slept and ate.
If he slept in a room with closed curtains, having received a portion of bright light, lying in the playpen, he tries to turn his head away. Having lifted it from a lying position on his stomach, he is able to hold it for about 10 seconds. The situation is the same with holding the baby’s head in a “column” position. However, you should not rush things artificially, just remember that more frequent laying on your stomach helps to quickly strengthen the muscles of the cervical spine.
Particularly developed babies can roll over onto their back by the end of the second month from a position lying on their side.
I almost forgot. It is impossible to accurately assess how a child is developing month by month without tracking changes in weight and height. Weight gain is usually 800 grams, but can reach 2 kg.
Height will increase by 3 cm.

Development at 3 months

photo of baby at 3 months

Weight gain ranges from 700g-1 kg, height changes by 2.5 cm.
The baby already needs his first toys - soft fabric cubes to grab and throw. Maybe play with one toy for about 3 minutes. In your presence, a small tumbler will do for games. It will cause delight and laughter when you see the toy return to its original position.
Binocular vision appears - the ability to perceive an object of attention simultaneously with two eyes at once.
The next stage of baby development at 3 months is the development of convergence - the ability to fix both eyes on one toy.
The stage of looking at your hands begins.
The baby notices if you remove the toy and looks for it with his eyes.
There are different reactions to different music. Rhythmic music evokes revival, and classical music makes you listen attentively.
Smiles become meaningful, the intonation of laughter changes.
Recognizes the faces of relatives and expresses emotions of joy when they see them.
An important stage in a child's development month by month is that he begins to distinguish colors. Some experts say that at the initial stage it is only red, and after that other colors. Recent studies refute this, claiming that a child sees not only all colors, but even their shades.

Next, our chart of child development by month up to 1 year moves to the stage of 4-6 months

This period of child development, month by month, will allow you to track the skills that the baby acquires, from attempts to roll over to the appearance of the first babble and teeth.

photo of baby at 4 months

Development at 4 months

It grows by 2.5 cm, and gains about 750 grams in weight.
A 4-month-old child clearly distinguishes between “friends” and “strangers.” Giving preference to mom. May cry. If mom disappears from sight.
Lying on their back, most babies already roll over onto their stomach. My princess raised her legs up and rolled like a bun, using her legs as an additional center of gravity.
When you take your child in your arms, you will notice that he not only holds his head confidently, but also turns it in different directions, accurately identifying the source of light and sound.
You can track the appearance of the first emotions: fear (freezing and then crying), delight, curiosity, anger. He makes eyes and wrinkles his forehead.
Listens if music is playing, fairy tales recorded on a voice recorder with mother's voice.
The grasping reflex decreases, but is still quite strong.
Between periods of sleep, he not only looks at his hands, but also tries to coordinate them.
Grabbing the toy, he pulls it into his mouth. He does this with everything he can reach, examining new things by smell and taste.
Increased salivation before the eruption of the first teeth.
Finally, the period of gas and colic is over. To avoid exhaustion of the body (especially in winter), mother needs to introduce new healthy foods into her diet. (to increase hemoglobin), rich in microelements.
Lying on his back, straining his neck, he briefly raises his head. Some children even lift their upper back off the bed for a couple of seconds when making their first attempts to sit up.
A “favorite” toy appears.
Delight is expressed very emotionally, literally with the whole body.
If a 4-month-old baby is brought to the mirror, he will begin to flirt with his reflection.
At this stage of the child’s development month by month, it is important that by the end of 4 months the little one will delight you with the first meaningful sounds with which he designates you: ma (mother), ba (grandmother), pa (dad).

Development at 5 months

photo of baby at 5 months

Periods of long wakefulness appear when the baby entertains himself by “talking”, saying “Ba-ba-ba” or other sounds.
He gains an average of 700 grams in weight and grows by 2 cm.
Plays hide and seek with loved ones.
Can suck fingers not only on hands, but also on feet.
He deliberately throws the toy while waiting. When they pick her up to throw her down again.
The hearing becomes very acute, and it can even hear you walking on tiptoe.
He can distinguish the intonations of his mother's voice and sometimes already recognizes his name.
Able to hold a bottle of milk with two hands.
Acquires the skill of transferring an object from one hand to another.
If at 4 months everything was first put into the mouth and then explored, then at the 5th month of the baby’s development the opposite is true.
He increasingly tries to sit up, stretching his neck and arms forward.
At 5 months the baby begins to stand on his feet with support.
I have seen babies who are already crawling at 5 months.

Development at 6 months

photo of a 6 month old baby

The weight gain is 650 grams, the height is 2 cm.
Periods of wakefulness increase.
At the 6th month, the baby is trying to sit with all his might, having freely mastered turning over from back to stomach, to side and back.
He is already able to transfer small toys from one container to another.
It is at 6 months that most babies make their first attempts at crawling. Leaning on the outstretched arms, the legs begin to sway.
Reacts to his name and responds to it.
A 6-month-old baby accompanies his games with continuous babbling.
Masters imitation skills (especially those that delight adults).
You can observe that, having reached for one toy, the little one transfers it to the other hand and reaches for a new one.
Babbling develops intonations.
The baby is aware of his influence on his parents; he likes to be the center of attention.
With constant games, his reaction may be ahead of the event itself. Example: “As soon as you raise your hand to him and say: “There comes a horned goat,” he starts laughing in advance.
If you rock a child in your arms, then taking the usual position, he will begin to sing to himself: “A-a-a.”
Most people have 2 lower incisors erupting.

My author’s plate about the development of a child by month up to 1 year moves to the stage of 7-9 months

Development at 7 months

photo of baby at 7 months

He can sit for a long time, and his crawling skills will improve.
The weight gain is 600 grams, and the height increases by 2-3 cm.
Some children, holding onto the playpen, begin to stand up, but do not yet know how to sit back down on their own.
I saw babies who even at 7 months took their first steps.
Plays with toys, studying them: shaking them, knocking them on the playpen, trying to measure their sizes.
Gets angry if something doesn't work out.
If you offer a 7-month-old baby 2 toys at the same time, it is clear that he is already learning to make a choice.
Describing how a 7-month-old baby develops, it is worth noting that he is more interested in round objects, the baby tries to find where their “corners” are. Realizes that there are toys that are disassembled according to the principle of nesting dolls.
The child’s facial expressions and gestures become expressive.
Can show mom, dad, cat, dog, TV with his finger.
He himself can press the buttons of musical toys to listen to the melody.
He loves his reflection and strokes it.
Understands not only the intonations of adult family members, but also the word “impossible.”
The words “Give-give” appear in speech, accompanied by a palm squeezing gesture.

Development at 8 months

photo of baby at 8 months

The little one gains 500-550 grams and grows another 2 cm.
Actively crawls, exploring everything and everywhere.
Learns to open box lids. Loves to get everything in and out. Loves games of putting objects, for example, different balls into different buckets.
Knows simple games: “Okay, over bumps, horned goat, hide and seek.”
An 8-month-old child is able to fulfill a simple request from his mother: “Give me your hand, give mom a teddy bear.”
He waves bye-bye and blows kisses.
Can watch other children for a long time, everything that moves.
Stands confidently and for a long time at the arena, even holding on with one hand.
He loves to have his own “adult” toys, and enjoys playing with toy mobile phones.
I would like to note that the developmental skills of each 8-month-old child are very different. Some kids are already running around with all their might, while some of their more well-fed and overfed peers have just mastered sitting confidently without covering them with pillows. Believe me, if the baby is not emotionally and intellectually behind in development, then sooner or later he will start walking 100%.

Development at 9 months

photo of a 9 month old baby

A 9-month-old baby's weight gain will be about 500 grams, and his height will increase by 1.5 cm.
Able to not only lift two objects with his hands at the same time, but also play with them at the same time.
Your 9-month-old baby is, first of all, a discoverer: he knocks on pots, making new sounds, with a bottle against the walls of the playpen. Standing at the arena, dancing to rhythmic music. Anything that makes sounds attracts his attention.
Fine motor skills are well developed, this can be seen in the fact that he grasps large objects with his palm and small objects with his fingers. At this age he will like what you made
He claps his hands and turns the pages of the book.
I learned not only to stand while standing near a support, but also to squat and jump.
A 9-month-old child already makes many sounds that parents are able to understand along with vivid facial expressions. The first communication is when the little one holds out an empty bottle with the words: “Give me, give me.”
Memory develops intensively. He already knows exactly the purpose of some objects, and this is a big leap in how your baby develops month by month. Having received the cup in his hands, he does not examine it as before, but immediately brings it to his mouth. If he didn't have memory, he would study the subjects over and over again every time.
If mom hides something under the blanket in his presence, he is able to find it.
Crawls quickly. My eldest son crawled in an unusual way; he rather moved on the 5th point, helping himself to push off with one leg, and then immediately walked.
Shows eyes, mouth, ears.

The final stage of child development in the table by month up to 1 year (10-12 months)

Development at 10 months

photo of baby at 10 months

A baby at 10 months feels like an “adult” and will be happy to help his mother.
Crawls quickly.
He walks in a walker, and some children no longer have them.
Independence is manifested in the desire to eat with a spoon and drink from a cup.
Knows the names of his toys and can bring them upon request.
A 10-month-old baby understands the purpose of many objects: the TV remote control, the telephone.
The weight adds 450 grams, the height is only 1.5 cm.
Fear of unfamiliar people and places appears.
Curious, capable of opening cabinet doors and throwing everything out of them.
Loves toys that can be nested.

Development at 11 months

photo of a child at 11 months

An 11-month-old baby takes his first awkward steps, constantly balancing with his legs apart and raising his arms.
An 11-month-old baby knows the word “no” very well, but sometimes he consciously ignores it, trying to take the position of the center of the universe in the family.
Able to lift very small objects with 2 fingers.
Makes persistent attempts not only to walk independently, but also to do many other things.
If he holds the hands of adults or furniture, he moves quickly and confidently.
Can hang for about 1 minute on the rings.
Able to independently climb 2-3 steps of the Swedish ladder.
Shakes his head as a sign of approval or denial.
Switch to one nap during the day.
The weight gain is only 400 grams, the height is one and a half cm.

Development at 12 months

photo of baby at 12 months

A one-year-old baby confidently walks, sits down, and stands up (but there are completely healthy children who begin to walk confidently only closer to 18 months).
He is able to assemble a simple pyramid himself, and literally by the age of 2 he will already be assembling it, naming the colors and the size of the parts.
The range of games is increasing, including rolling cars, putting dolls to sleep and pushing strollers.
They try to help around the house: making the bed, putting away toys
Some perseverance and concentration appear (they like to be read to)
He clearly pronounces the words: “Mom, dad, grandma, grandpa, give me, bye.”
He tries to command by pointing with his finger the object he wants to receive, and when he wants to go for a walk, he is able to bring his walking shoes and clothes to his mother.
Refuses to eat what he doesn’t like, to wear anything.
Reacts very negatively to mom's absence
Loves solid food in the form of cookies and bread.

So our table of child development by month up to 1 year has ended. After reading the entire table about the development of a baby by month from birth to one year, you realize how very quickly everything happens. This is comparable to the fact that a paralyzed adult with a fairly low intelligence in just a year of his life will not only begin to move fully, but will also become a Nobel laureate in nuclear physics.

After the birth of a baby, every mother wants to be sure that her baby is developing correctly, mastering various skills in a timely manner and meets age-related development standards. I would like to say something about the latter separately. On the one hand, on forums and on social networks the expression is very popular that “a child does not owe anything to anyone”, “when he is ready, then he will go/sit down/talk, etc.” At the same time, surrounded by a young mother, there will always be “well-wishers” in the form of neighbors, relatives and other mothers who will say: “and mine was already walking/talking/ well at your age.”

Any loving mother can become confused and panic, because it is important not to miss the “wake-up call” and consult a doctor in time if the baby is lagging behind in development in any area. Both options: complete carelessness and increased anxiety are not suitable for us. It is best if the mother has complete information on norms of child development up to one year by month and evaluate his abilities independently, and if the situation is ambiguous, consult with a pediatrician and specialists.

The most important thing that I would like to note is that there are no unambiguous standards at what age a certain skill should appear. There is a period between the ages “from” and “before” in which some skill appears in 95% of healthy children. These intervals were determined by observing large numbers of children and are now accepted as normative criteria.

For example, in relation to basic motor skills, the World Health Organization has identified “windows” - intervals when a child should master a specific skill.

If your baby fits within the age norms, but something still confuses you, consult a specialist. The doctor will focus not so much on the standards, but on the presence/absence of newborn reflexes, the condition of the cranial and other nerves, body weight, muscle tone, joint mobility, etc. In other words, it will assess whether the baby’s body has all the resources to master a particular skill.

Below are the skills and the order in which they occur in most children of this age. are discussed in detail in a separate article, so here we mention them in passing.

1 month

At the age of 30 days after birth, the baby can already do a lot:

Lying on his stomach on a changing table or other hard surface, he raises his head and tries to hold it for a short time.
Focuses the gaze on a face that comes close.
He stops crying and listens when his mother takes him in her arms and starts talking to him. In this way, the baby responds to communication and concentrates his attention on the adult. Crying may resume if the cause of the discomfort is not eliminated.
The baby, in addition to crying, can already make other sounds. These are usually short guttural sounds in response to adult speech.
Movements of the arms and legs become symmetrical. The tone of the flexor muscles is pronounced. In other words, when you straighten your baby's legs and arms, you feel a slight resistance.
Begins to smile when communicating with an adult and make grimaces when exposed to bright light, sharp sounds, wind, strong smells or tastes.
He keeps his fists clenched and brings them to his mouth.
The baby is able to focus his gaze on a stationary bright object and follow it if the object is moved smoothly and slowly.

See interesting games and ideas for developing a 1 month old baby.

2 months

Lying on his stomach, he raises his head higher and higher and, in the end, can hold it for a long time at an angle of 45 degrees. In addition, the baby holds his head well in a vertical position in his mother’s arms (up to 1 minute), and in a sitting position the head still “falls” to the side.
The baby turns his head to the side and tries to find the source of the sound with his eyes.
He begins to look for a long time at an object, a face, or a toy that interests him.
The cry becomes expressive, and its intonation changes depending on the reason.
Learns to turn from side to side.

Read how to develop a child at 2 months.

3 months

The baby's muscles have already become a little stronger, and he is able to raise his head and the entire shoulder girdle, resting on his elbows and forearms. The baby can hold himself in this position for up to 2-3 minutes.
At 3 months, the “revitalization complex” appears, which we discussed in detail.
The child smoothly follows a moving object and can look for a long time and with concentration at a stationary object that interests him. When talking, he focuses all his attention on the adult and looks for the speaker within the room with his eyes.
He calms down to the melodious singing of his mother.
The baby is happy and able to hold a light, suitable-sized rattle in his hand.
In addition to rattles, the baby “discovers” its hands. He puts them together, examines them, licks and sucks.
By the end of the month, the baby is already able to not only smile, but also laugh.
By this age, the baby begins to independently turn onto his side, and some babies independently roll over from their back to their stomach.

Games for the development of a 3 month old baby.

Have you recently become a mother of a baby?

4 months

The laughter that appeared at 3 months can now turn into a cheerful loud laugh when communicating with adults. The baby rejoices when his mother appears, but is also friendly to strangers.
Loves to look at his reflection in the mirror.
By the end of the month, he turns well from his back to his stomach and learns to turn in the opposite direction - from his stomach to his back.
Holds your head well in any position, including sitting. He tries to grab different objects, but often misses. Holds breast or bottle with hands.
If a child is pulled by the arms, he bends his elbows and pulls himself up.
Lying on his stomach, the child can raise his head 90 degrees.
Lying on your back, slightly raises your head and shoulders.
All the toys and objects that the baby discovers around him, he examines, feels and licks. Recognizes “familiar” toys and enjoys them.
Can clearly locate the source of a sound, even if it is not obvious.

Read how to develop a baby at 4 months.

5 months

The baby begins to distinguish between family and strangers. Shows wariness at the sight of strangers and rejoices at the appearance of familiar faces.
Distinguishes between the gentle and rude tone of the interlocutor and is able to express his own emotions by whining and screaming. Demonstrates a reaction of animation or fear appropriate to the situation.
Rolls over well in one direction from back to stomach. In a position on the stomach - raises the upper part of the body, resting the palms of straightened arms.
He pulls himself up onto the bar with his hands, trying to sit up.
Most babies at this age are able to sit with support, maintaining a straight back and good head support. If seated, he can sit for several minutes without leaning to the side and balancing from side to side.
Plays with his toes, pulls them into his mouth, sucks and gnaws.
Rocks forward and backward, lying on mom's lap or other soft surface.
Pays attention to a small object, scoops it up and clutches it in his fist. Begins to coordinate hand and eye movements, reaches for objects and successfully grabs them.
If the baby is bottle-fed, then he already knows how to hold a bottle with one or both hands.

See educational games for a five-month-old baby.

6 months

The baby is trying to move and crawl on his belly.
Able to roll over from belly to back well. Can move by rolling from back to stomach and back in the desired direction.
The baby knows his name and responds to it. Distinguishes between one's own and someone else's name.
If the back muscles are strong enough, the child learns to sit up from a position on his stomach, helping himself with his hand. Can sit with support. If you sit him down, he will sit with a straight back. If you pull the handles during gymnastics, he will sit down and sit confidently.
He examines his mother’s face with interest, touches it, studies it. Reacts emotionally to the reflection in the mirror - smiles at it, coos.
Chains of babble appear that form syllables.
The child follows a moving object and turns his head after it.
Transfers the toy from one hand to the other, holds the object with the palm and all fingers.
To the question: Where...? looking for a familiar object with his eyes.

Read games for the development of a child at 6 months.

7 months

The child can already sit without support.
Learns to get on all fours and crawl if given enough free space for this.
He understands forbidden phrases by the tone of his voice. Before making contact, he carefully examines the interlocutor.
To the question “Where?” actively searches for an object and points a finger at it.
Learns to play Peek-a-boo. Begins to understand that the object does not disappear, disappearing from sight.
Able to hold an object in each hand and tries to hit each other with them. He waves toys, moves them from hand to hand and throws them, unclenching his palms.
Learns to drink from a cup and eats food from a spoon.

Read how to develop a baby at 7 months.

8 months

He recognizes and points his finger at the photo of his relatives. Can find and show several identical objects in a room if they are constantly in the same place (for example, clocks, paintings).
He gets to his feet, holding onto the support with his hands. Sits well, crawls in different directions, kneels independently, raising the body vertically, while holding onto the support.
It becomes very inquisitive, so only safe objects should be in the access area.
Understands prohibiting words, but does not always obey. With regular repetitions, the baby waves his hand “bye” or claps his hands.
Able to play independently with toys/objects for some time. Imitates adults in playing with toys: rolls the car, knocks, takes out toys and puts them away.
The babbling becomes expressive. The baby clearly, loudly and with appropriate intonation repeats different syllables.

Educational games for an eight month old baby.

9 months

The baby flips through the thick cardboard pages of the book.
He learns to play with a ball and rolls it back.
Drinks from a cup independently, sometimes spilling the contents on himself.
Well oriented in the room where he is constantly located. Finds and brings an item at the request “Give me...”
Knows his name and turns when called. Communicates with others by gestures, can call an adult with his voice, using shouting or babbling words.
Understands simple phrases and words, understands the prohibition “no”.
Learns to walk while holding onto support.
Sits from a lying position and back. He still cannot sit down from a standing position.
Learns to grasp small objects with 2 fingers. He starts playing with the pyramid, placing 2 cubes on top of each other. Manipulates toys depending on their properties: opens, rolls, takes out, etc.
He plays hide and seek with a toy that is hidden in front of his eyes.
In games and normal activities, he tries to imitate adults or other children.

Read how to develop a child at 9 months.

10 months

Learns to walk by holding the hands of an adult with both hands.
Holds a toy that they are trying to take away from him.
The baby imitates the gestures and facial expressions of adults.
Distinguishes the sounds of 2-3 animals. Repeats the syllables after the interlocutor, the first babbling words of paired syllables appear: pa-pa, ba-ba, ma-ma. The baby likes to repeat the same syllables and practices pronouncing new words.
Communicates primarily with gestures and intonation exclamations, trying to get the desired thing.
With regular games, the child knows and happily points out parts of the body and fulfills simple requests: show, wave, give, bring, collect, open. Demonstrates games like “Ladushki”, “Magpie-Crow”.
Collects toys in a box, opens different lids.

See ideas for games for babies aged 10 months.

11 months

The child begins to master the first role-playing games: putting the doll to sleep, pushing it in a stroller, etc. without a general plot.
Plays “Ladushki”, “Peek-a-boo”, hide and seek with a toy. Can hide the object himself.
The child has quite a lot of words in his passive vocabulary. When asked: “Where is the clock/daddy/pyramid?” the child points his finger at him.
He demonstrates his knowledge with pleasure: body parts, gestures.
Pronounces the first simplified words: na, give, yes, no, aw.
The child’s activity increases, he becomes more independent and inquisitive.
He puts cups into each other, assembles one nesting doll from two parts, strings the rings of the pyramid onto a rod, and plays with a ball.
Loves to touch animals. Treats different children and adults differently.
Walks holding the hands of an adult. Stands independently, turning in different directions. He picks up an object from the floor, sitting down next to it. Climbing on and off a small ladder. Able to sit down from a standing position.
Learns to eat independently. Coordinates hand movements well, but not all food goes into the mouth. Drinks through a straw or from a cup.

Read educational games for 11 months.

12 months

The baby is capable of the first generalizations: choosing cubes from a pile of balls.
He understands speech quite well and can fulfill simple requests: bring him, put him in his place, take him away.
Knows not only his own name, but also the names of his mother, father, brothers, sisters, pets, animals, and fairy-tale characters. Shows them in books and photo albums.
Walks independently or holding the hands of adults. Can combine walking with other actions (carrying a toy, waving a hand).
Imitates adults, copying their movements. Confidently manipulates matryoshka dolls, inserts, pyramids, and builds simple buildings from cubes. Plays simple role-playing and finger games.
Likes: crawling under them, climbing onto the sofa.
Eats independently, but sloppily, from a spoon. Bites and chews solid food, drinks from a cup. He combs his hair with a comb, bathes (makes characteristic movements).
When getting dressed, he extends his arm and puts his leg up.
Pronounces up to 10 simple babbling words and actively uses them in communication.
Understands the meaning of words: hot, cold, painful, impossible, wait.
Draws scribbles on paper with pencils or felt-tip pens, “drawing” with them.

Read how to develop a child at 12 months.

I am sure that the above skills will help you navigate and determine your child’s zone of proximal development. And it will help you choose age-appropriate games so that the baby develops in a timely and harmonious manner.

The birth of a child is a great joy for the whole family. The long nine-month wait is behind us, with hopes for a happy future for the baby and worries about his health ahead.

Every parent wants their child to develop normally, be healthy and active. But it can be difficult for new parents to approach this task correctly.

This article will tell you about the established norms in the development of a child: what you should pay attention to, and at what stages of development what should be expected from him.

Many parents have heard the definition of “development corridor”; for most, this concept caused bewilderment and confusion.

But there is nothing scary about it - this is a generally accepted concept of the stages of a child’s physical development.

A little about whether there is a difference in physical development in the first year of life between boys and girls.

According to anthropometric examination, the development of children of both sexes differs little.

It all depends on:

Individual characteristics.
Genetic inheritance.
Congenital diseases.
Living conditions and nutrition.

WHO research scientists have compiled an average table of norms for the physical development of a child by month up to a year, his height and weight.

The table also shows the rate of increase in indicators by month:

Child's age up to one year (months)	Height, cm	Height gain, cm	Weight, kg	Weight gain, g
Newborn	50-52	No	3,100 – 3,500	No
One	53-56	4	3,700 – 4,150	650
Two	57-60	4	4,500 – 4,850	700
Three	61-63	4	5,250 – 5,650	800
Four	63-65,5	2,5	6,000 – 6,300	650
Five	65-68	2,5	6,450 – 6,900	600
Six	67-70	2	7,000 – 7,500	600
Seven	69-72	2	7,550 – 8,100	600
Eight	71-74	2	8,150 – 8,650	550
Nine	72,5-75,5	1,5	8,650 – 9,100	450
Ten	74-77	1,5	9,100 – 9,550	450
Eleven	75,5-78,5	1,5	9,500 – 9,950	400
Twelve	76-80	1,5	10,000 – 10,350	350

As can be seen from the table:

The most active growth of a child occurs in the first trimester of the life cycle. During this period, the body is reconstructed to function independently.
The baby is passive and spends up to twenty hours a day sleeping.
In the second trimester, height and weight increase more slowly, the baby stays awake more time, reacts to external stimuli, and gradually adapts to the outside world.
Third trimester– the child leads an active lifestyle, the duration of sleep gradually decreases, and the time intervals between feedings increase.
The stage of understanding the world begins. The increase in physical indicators decreases.
Fourth trimester- independent person. The child tries to imitate adults, behaves consciously and actively.
The diet is mixed, solid food is added to the diet. Characterized by the smallest increase in indicators.

Note! The table presents average values; parameters may differ from individual indicators depending on the characteristics of the organism.

What a child should be able to do: monthly development calendar

Many new parents are interested in the question of what a child should be able to do at each stage of the first year of life.

Below is a baby development calendar from birth to 12 months:

The first days and weeks of life, the baby mostly sleeps, and in waking moments he cries, declaring hunger, wet diapers, and poor health.
The natural position for a baby is to lie on his back, legs tucked at the sides and arms raised up.
Parents need to independently turn him onto his tummy, lightly massaging his back. In this position, the baby will release gases and strengthen the muscles of the back, abdomen and neck.
By the end of the first month, the baby, lying on his tummy, will begin to slightly raise his head, trying to hold it.
Normal psychological and physiological development will be helped by: communication with family - he needs to sing songs and turn on classical music.
Walking in the fresh air - the body, enriched with oxygen, functions normally.
After each awakening, it is necessary to give the baby a massage and perform hygiene procedures, bathe the newborn daily, adding a decoction of string and chamomile to the water.
Towards the end of the first month, the baby begins to focus his gaze, finding moving objects. He clearly recognizes his mother by her smell and gets upset when she is not around for a long time.
By the 2nd month, the child already recognizes close people and smiles meaningfully, makes drawn-out sounds, trying to express his feelings, searches with his eyes and finds familiar objects.
During this period, it is important to pay attention to the baby’s development by doing simple gymnastics and massage.
At 3 months the baby begins to live an active life. He holds his head firmly and independently rolls over from his back to his stomach and vice versa.
Learns to control the limbs, trying to hold the object he likes in his hands, expresses joy by pronouncing continuous syllables.
The duration of the waking phase and the intervals between feedings increase significantly.
By 4 months the baby clearly knows his name, distinguishes between familiar and unfamiliar people well.
Understands and distinguishes human speech, enters into communication, loves to play with moving objects, highlighting his favorite ones.
At 5 months – has full control of his body, moving on a horizontal surface. Able to easily take something he likes by pulling it into his mouth.
The baby tries to crawl, finding support for the legs, makes efforts with the press, trying to take a vertical position. Reacts to communication and takes an active part in it.
A 6-month-old baby shows interest in everything colorful and bright, actively plays with toys and rattles, throwing them out of the crib.
He stands on all fours on his own and tries to crawl. If he finds solid support, he tries to rise to his full height, lowering himself to his fifth point.
He loves it when books are read to him, showing color pictures. The sounds it makes are meaningful and reminiscent of monosyllabic words or songs.
By 7 months the first teeth appear and the baby puts all sorts of objects into his mouth. Games become meaningful.
The baby enjoys playing magpie, okay, hide and seek, etc., actively crawls, sits confidently, and moves around in a walker or in the playpen.
During this period, the child begins to meaningfully absorb new information, processing it.
The eight-month-old toddler is actively exploring the world, he is absolutely fearless and full of different ideas.
Parents need to be constantly vigilant. Sleep is reduced to twice a day, he plays a lot and shows interest in everything new.
The baby is perfectly oriented in space, makes contact, expresses thoughts with polysyllabic babbling, identifies friends from strangers, understands and completes assigned tasks.
At 9 months the child stands firmly on his legs, takes the first steps, holding on to support.
Begins to copy the actions of adults. Confidently holds objects in his hands while performing assigned actions.
A ten-month-old baby completely copies the facial expressions and gestures of his elders, pronounces the first simple words, actively participates in family life, and is interested in peers.
At 11 months the child actively talks, calling objects and actions in his own words and gets angry if he is not understood.
He is cunning and expresses reluctance to do what he does not want. He tries to win the affection of the person he likes, begins to smile and make faces.
He expresses a good mood by dancing and clapping his hands. He tries to start eating, drinking, taking off his shoes on his own, pronouncing the names of loved ones syllable by syllable.
At 12 months the child is completely independent. He confidently climbs on and off the sofa, bed, chairs, walks holding the hand of an adult, eats on his own, sits on the potty, opens and closes cabinet doors.
The baby plays complex games, stacks blocks, moves a car, rocks a doll or soft toy. Each stage of a child’s life is interesting and unforgettable in its own way.

Development of premature babies

Premature babies are babies born from the twenty-first to the thirty-seventh week of pregnancy.

They are significantly behind their peers in development and need additional care and affection.

In the first month the child does not gain weight well due to an undeveloped sucking reflex; it is difficult for him to suck mother’s milk. The solution is pumping and feeding through a special tube.
Since the baby has not yet developed thermoregulation, it is extremely dangerous for him to become overcooled or overheated. During this period, it is important for the baby to be constantly with his mother, to feel her smell, warmth and love.
In the second month Throughout life, the sucking reflex remains weak, but the child needs to develop it, so it is recommended to bottle feed the baby.
In the third month life, an interest in food and sleep appears, the baby begins to follow moving objects with his eyes, tries to raise his head, and grab toys.
In the fourth month The baby holds his head up on his own, makes sounds, and is interested in toys.
It is important to regularly carry out massage procedures twice a day that improve muscle tone; it is allowed to take them out into the fresh air.
In the fifth month The baby is already holding a toy in his hands, distinguishes sounds well, turning his head in their direction, recognizes the mother’s voice.
The beginning of neuropsychic development is determined, the first conscious smile appears.
In the sixth and seventh months The baby turns over on his tummy on his own. It is already difficult to distinguish him from his peers, he is active. Complementary feeding is recommended.
In the eighth month the baby tries to sit up independently, is interested in the world around him, understands speech, begins to communicate with adults, loves fairy tales, poems, songs, bright pictures, and tries to crawl.
Ninth month- a breakthrough in development. The baby needs communication. You should talk to him, explain all actions, lay down the basics of behavior, play with toys. The baby is trying to pronounce his first words.
The further development of a premature baby is not much different from the development of full-term peers. By the end of the first year, the child is in no way behind the others.

As can be seen from the presented material, parents need to devote more time to the development of the child, monitoring his indicators and communicating with the baby.

It is necessary to take into account that the health of the baby largely depends on the mother’s lifestyle during pregnancy and the attention of parents to their child.

Useful video

Children really grow up very quickly. Just yesterday, when you brought your newborn baby home from the maternity hospital, you didn’t even think about the fact that today a little one-year-old man would be running around your apartment. Of course, you are concerned about whether your child is developing correctly and acquiring the necessary skills on time.

By tracking your child's development month by month up to a year and comparing it with the recommendations of pediatricians, neurologists and psychologists, you will not miss anything and can detect and correct possible deviations in time.

A table indicating the time of appearance of a particular skill will be of interest not only to you, but also to your grown-up child in the future.

First month

The first month of a newborn's life is also called the adaptation period. The child learns to live outside the familiar environment - the warm mother’s tummy. At this time the baby:

sleeps a lot - up to 20 hours a day,
eats a lot (read more about this in the article breastfeeding >>>).

The task of the closest relatives is to place the child in comfortable conditions: not to overheat or overcool. About this in the article temperature in the room for a newborn >>>, change diapers and feed on time.

Of course, it is important to give your baby your love: carry it in your arms, talk, sing songs.

By the age of one month, the child already pays attention to bright toys and can follow them with his eyes and turning his head. The article contains information about when a newborn begins to see >>> The first color that newborns see is red.

On a note! The following exercise will be very useful: take a bright, preferably red, toy, and move it at a distance of 30 cm from the child’s face from left to right, from bottom to top. A one-month-old baby can already follow the movements of the toy.

At one month, the baby already turns his head towards the sound. Find out when a newborn begins to hear >>> You can check this by rattling a rattle to the left and right of the baby.

In the first month of life, the child retains some innate newborn reflexes, which will completely disappear by the fourth month of life:

sucking reflex (can suck objects in the mouth);
swimming (if you lower the baby into the water with his stomach down, the child will make movements reminiscent of swimming);
grasping (if you touch your palm, the child will clench his fist);
search reflex (if you touch the cheek, it looks for the mother’s breast);
step reflex - if you put the child on his feet (while holding him), he can “step”.

If you put the baby on his stomach, he will try to slightly raise his head; trains your neck, back and shoulders.

By the age of one month, physically developed children already begin to hold their heads.

And also in my video tutorial:

Second month

The second month of child development is sometimes also called the “month of revitalization.” Your baby now sleeps less and can stay awake for up to 50 minutes.

The child’s vision and hearing improve, the baby is able to look at objects from a distance of 30 centimeters to half a meter. The baby can spend about 15 minutes in his crib, looking at a mobile phone or other toys.

At the age of two months, babies already raise their head and hold it in an upright position for some time.
Some babies already know how to roll over from their side to their back. Read more about when a baby starts to roll over >>>
The child studies his hands - he can bring his fists to his mouth and suck them;
Infant reflexes are still preserved, but begin to gradually fade away;
The emotional sphere also develops. At two months, the so-called “revival complex” is formed. This skill takes pride of place on the child development chart; this is one of the most important milestones up to a year, confirming the normal functioning of the nervous system;
The baby can already recognize his parents and is happy with them. When you bend over the crib, the baby begins to quickly and quickly jerk its arms and legs;
In the second month of life, your child will most likely give you his first conscious smile. If this doesn't happen, no big deal; This means that this joyful event will happen a little later. Find out when your baby starts smiling >>>
At two months, a child can walk - he makes melodious vowel sounds, sometimes he can even pronounce “agu”, “aha”, “abu”. Children like their own “speech” and listen to it with pleasure. The article contains information about when the baby begins to coo >>>

Communicate with your child more often, sing to him, you will see that the baby will sing along with you!

Read more about this age in the article what a child should be able to do at 2 months >>>, and, of course, watch my video tutorial:

Third month

Throughout the month, your baby's physical, mental, and emotional skills continue to improve.

The child is able to hold his head better and better;
While on his stomach, the baby rises on his forearms and can look around;
By the third month of life, the fists straighten, the baby already knows how to take a rattle, reaches for objects of interest to him;
The children continue to explore their hands; by the end of the month, the most active of them are already grabbing their knees (the first stage in studying their own legs);
Everything that falls into a child's hands ends up in his mouth;

Interesting! The fact is that the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue are much more sensitive than the fingers. Children explore their surroundings using their mouths.

The third month of child development is characterized by an expansion of the emotional spectrum.

Some children already know how to laugh, others are just starting to smile;
The child carefully watches the expressions on the faces of loved ones and can already “read” their mood and imitate their facial expressions;
The baby's speech continues to develop. The baby can walk for a long time and with pleasure, increasingly pronouncing not only melodious vowel sounds, but also syllables.

The article contains important information about what a child should be able to do at 3 months >>>

Fourth month

The fourth month of child development is characterized by rapid changes both physiologically and psychologically:

The baby already holds his head confidently: both when he is held in a “column” and when he lies on his stomach; can rotate it to follow objects or respond to sound;
The baby can rise to his elbows while lying on his stomach. Some children are already leaning on straightened arms;
From three to four months, your baby learns to roll over on his own - both from his stomach to his back and from his back to his tummy. The most active children already know how to roll around the room, or even crawl on their bellies! Interesting information about when a baby starts crawling >>>

Important! Remember that it is no longer safe to leave a child in an adult bed. It’s better to move him to the floor, from there he can’t fall and will have more space for his training.

4 months is the age of conscious manipulation of objects. The baby can take the rattle himself and play with it;
The child is good at distinguishing between his loved ones;
At this age, the fear of being left without a mother is strong, so the baby often does not let her go from him for a second. Pay more attention to it and wait, this period will soon pass;
At four months, the baby already has his favorite toys, may be interested in the reflection in the mirror, listens carefully to various sounds: the sound of a rattle, the ringing of a bell, voices, music;
A child’s speech development begins in the first year of life. At 4 months, the humming gives way to babbling: the intelligible syllables “ba”, “ma”, “gu” appear.

Fifth month

IN fifth month Throughout his life, a child hones physical skills:

can confidently roll over in different directions;
lying on his stomach, rises to his elbows or palms;
takes a “preparing to sit” position: reclining on the hip, leaning on one of the arms;
tries to reach the object of interest;
can stand if supported by the armpits;
grabs his feet, pulls them into his mouth, licks them.

In the fifth month of a child’s development, he acquires an important social skill: he begins to separate his friends from strangers. The baby happily sits in the arms of his parents, but may frown or even cry if another person turns to him or tries to take him.

At 5 months, a child can play with various objects on his own: pick them up, throw them, knock, lick them, etc. At the fifth month of life, the baby may be interested in a picture book. Children love to look at faces, especially those with different expressions. Interested in color magazines.

Tell what is shown on the pages, read simple poems. This way you will not only keep your child occupied for a long time, but will also contribute to the development of your baby’s speech.

At this age, you can already teach your child simple words: “mom,” “dad,” “baba.” Some babies at the age of five months already repeat them.

At 5 months, children express their joy with all their might with a smile, they know how to laugh boisterously, become angry and sad; continue to master the full range of emotions. If he lacks the attention of adults, the child may become capricious.

Sixth month

The sixth month of child development is another time for changes in the usual way of life:

It is at this time that babies begin to crawl on their bellies, and mothers have to remove many objects from their reach;
At six months, the child can already be briefly placed in a reclining position. Children do not yet know how to sit up on their own. Find out from the article, when does a child begin to sit?>>>
Six-month-old babies, lying on their tummy, try to get up on their knees - this is an important stage in preparation for both sitting and crawling. If the child succeeds, after a while he begins to sway in this position. Such movements are completely normal and indicate the baby’s development;
The child confidently holds various objects, can take them with any handle, transfer them from hand to hand;
6 months is the age for exploring the surrounding space. The child puts everything he can reach into his mouth and can break toys;
At six months, the first everyday skills are formed: with the start of complementary feeding, children learn what a spoon is; learn to drink from a cup held by an adult. Detailed information about the introduction of complementary feeding and child nutrition >>>
The child's intelligence develops. At 6 months, children begin to understand the consequences of their actions: if you throw a dice, it will fall, if you press a button, a squeak will be heard;
Speech formation continues. At the age of six months, children confidently pronounce syllables and master the first consonants: “z”, “s”, “f”.

Seventh month

A seven-month-old baby becomes increasingly active:

Children crawl confidently on their bellies, some already know how to move on all fours.

If your child crawls backwards, there is nothing to worry about; soon the child will figure out how to control his own body.

At seven months, babies can sit with their back straight for some time. Particularly active ones know how to stand against a support and try to stand up independently. Read to find out when a baby starts walking >>>
Fine motor skills are developing: the child can hold an object in each hand, knock them against each other, pick up, put down, and throw toys at will.

Important! Make sure that all small parts of toys are securely fastened, since seven-month-old babies put everything in their mouth.

The seventh month of a child’s development is the time when it is necessary to stimulate the baby’s cognitive interest. Tell him about the objects that surround him, show him and name the main parts of his body.
At seven months, children can already show objects at the request of their parents (“Where are the eyes?”, “Where is the watch?”).
Household skills are being improved. Now, during feeding, the baby removes food from the spoon and continues to master drinking from a mug. Some children already drink from a sippy cup or straw themselves.

Seven-month-old babies begin to imitate adults, which is what makes the introduction of complementary foods easier.

At this age, the child imitates the sounds that animals make; he can say “av-av”, “me-me”. Pronounces many syllables.

On a note! To activate the speech center, develop your baby's fine motor skills. Toys with large wooden beads of various colors and shapes strung on a rope are suitable for this.

Eighth month

The eighth month of child development is marked by persistent attempts to stand up.

The baby crawls to any support and tries to give its body a vertical position. While this maneuver is not possible for all children. If you place a child next to a support, he will stand;
The most active children already know how to walk along a support, and also move their legs when an adult holds them by both hands or armpits;
An eight-month-old child can crawl on all fours, explores the room where he lives, knows the layout of the rooms, and moves around the apartment himself;
The child knows how to sit, sits down on his own from a “standing on all fours” position;
The little man's games are becoming more and more meaningful. The baby knows how to put toys in a box or some container. Some children can already put rings on the base of the pyramid and take them off, and try to put cups into one another.

At this time, your child may want to eat with a spoon on his own. This desire needs to be encouraged, then later you will not have to instill this skill in your child.

The child has already mastered simple games: “peek-a-boo” (hides behind his hands, hides his face on his mother’s chest or, for example, in a blanket on the bed), “okay” (claps his hands), shows “flashlights”. Listens to music with pleasure, can “sing along” and even dance, especially if he has seen his parents do this;
The child understands simple requests: bring a toy, show a chandelier. Many children already know how to show some parts of their body;
Speech is constantly improving. The baby tries to repeat words after adults, new syllables are obtained. Perhaps right now the child will utter his first meaningful word.

Ninth month

The nine-month-old baby continues to struggle to stand on his feet;
He already stands up more confidently and stands at the support, moves along sofas, beds, and around the playpen;
While crawling, it can turn around and crawl in the opposite direction. Able to sit down from a lying position and stand up from a sitting position;

Important! At this time, the child tries to climb onto a chair, sofa, or get off of there on his own. Parents must be on alert at all times to prevent dangerous falls.

The baby tries to reach everything he sees. If it doesn’t work out, he can express his dissatisfaction by screaming. It is at nine months that the child actively shows his character. He may begin to resist dressing and hygiene procedures, even if he had previously endured everything without complaint. The child is afraid of losing his mother and does not want to let her out of sight even for a short time.

In the ninth month of a child’s development, new skills emerge:

The baby learns to crumple and tear paper, leaf through books;
You can give your child plasticine, just make sure he doesn't eat it. Kneading plasticine will strengthen your hands and develop fine motor skills. In addition, children really like this activity;
The baby's vocabulary is constantly expanding. Children quickly remember the names of all the objects that adults show them; they also know the meanings of the words “give”, “bring”, “put”, “eat”, “cannot”, etc.

Tenth month

In the tenth month of a child's development, his skills continue to improve. The man can already get up and stand without support, and is trying to walk. Able to sit up from a standing position. Nimblely crawls throughout the apartment.

At this age, children’s games improve:

Thanks to the active development of fine motor skills, the child can already hold two to three small objects in one hand. At 10 months, the baby has a dominant hand;
Children understand how to play with toys: they know how to roll a car, assemble and disassemble a pyramid (the rings are not placed in order yet). They know how to play with a tumbler, they know how to build a tower from two cubes;
A child can be involved in play with children if adults show him how to do it;
Children love to nestle cups into each other;
They know how to roll and throw a ball;
Open and close cabinet doors, pull out and close drawers. They can put the toy in a closet or drawer;
Transfer small items into different boxes and containers;
They begin to combine objects, for example, pushing a ball with a stick;
Enjoy playing with food and water;
They begin to be interested in construction kits made from large parts, only until they are assembled, but disassembled;
They know how to turn the pages of cardboard books.

Ten-month-old babies love to imitate adults and copy their facial expressions. Use this interest of the little man by speaking new simple words to him. The baby will repeat them after you.

At 10 months, children remember the names of animals well and parody the sounds they make.

A child can respond to a simple request: show, hide, bring. Children already know the names of body parts, show their eyes and nose. They know how to generalize concepts: for example, they show the hands of themselves, of a doll, of a dad, of a girl in a picture.

Eleventh month

At eleven months, your baby is strong enough to begin taking his first steps without support. The child can walk a short distance from one adult to another, or from a support to his mother. The baby actively moves in any room: crawls, sits, stands, walks with support.
Self-care skills continue to develop. The man tries to eat with a spoon, drink from a cup, and tries to put on or take off his clothes himself. You can keep your little one occupied for a long time if you offer him a box of clothes. The child’s independence must be encouraged, especially since children at this age love to be praised.
The eleventh month of child development is the time when the first meaningful dialogues appear. The baby perfectly understands the meaning of the words “yes”, “no”, “impossible” (find out from the article how to explain to your child what is prohibited >>>); knows how to nod positively and shake his head negatively.
In addition, the baby looks and points with his finger at an object of interest. In this way, the baby communicates with adults, parents and the child begin to understand each other better. The number of spoken syllables is growing. At this time, two or three clearly pronounced words may appear in the baby’s speech (most often these are “mom”, “dad”, “baba” and some kind of onomatopoeia, for example, “av”).
Eleven-month-old babies begin to master polite communication skills: they easily remember the “hello” and “bye” gestures, and willingly wave their hands.

On a note! Although this is still a game for them, parents are encouraged to always ask their child to say hello and goodbye to reinforce this positive habit.

At 11 months, babies are very excitable and easily move from laughing to crying. They become wary in an unfamiliar place and become frightened when a new person appears. These manifestations indicate the normal development of the child’s psyche and should not upset parents.

Twelfth month

The twelfth month of child development is a kind of transition period from infancy to childhood. Although this limit is very arbitrary, psychologically parents expect much more from a one-year-old child than from an eleven-month-old.

At one year of age, the baby most often begins to walk.

Don't worry if your child doesn't do this yet; Children have the right to crawl until they are one and a half years old, and this is not considered a pathology.

A little man at this age already knows how to squat to pick up a toy; can put down one item and pick up another. Children know very well where everything is and will look for the toy exactly where they left it;
Kids learn to step over obstacles: first, holding an adult’s hand, and then on their own;
Everyday skills develop: the child eats with a spoon, drinks from a cup, puts on and takes off hats and socks;
If the baby has been potty trained, at one year old such children may already ask to use it. Information about at what age to potty train a child >>> At one year, the child eats food in pieces and knows how to chew. If the chewing teeth have not yet grown, children chew with their gums (they are quite hard);
A one-year-old child understands everything that is said to him, even if his parents think that this is not so. He perfectly knows how to read the mood and succumbs to it: he is happy and sad with his mother. Psychologists strongly discourage sorting things out and quarreling in front of a child. Since the baby does not yet know how to cope with his emotions, this can cause him serious injury.

The baby not only understands everything that is said to him, but also babbles a lot and pronounces individual words.

Important! At this age, teachers consider all stable sound combinations that always mean the same thing to be words.

Vocabulary by one year old – from two to ten words; in some children it may be even greater.

At the twelfth month of life, the child’s games become more complicated. The baby selects some toys, can feed them, rock them, put them on the potty.

What did the baby learn in the first year of life?

The child's development calendar from birth to one year is filled with many events. By the age of one year, the baby can roll over, crawl, sit, stand, and walk. The child climbs on beds, sofas, and gets off them.

Children know how to eat with a spoon, put on and take off a hat and socks, and ask to go to the potty.

The little man has mastered games: throwing and rolling balls, cars, and rocking dolls. Plays with cubes, collects a pyramid.

The child is very emotional, knows how to smile and laugh, get angry, and be sad. Recognizes parents, prefers their company to the company of other people.

When wondering about the development of the baby, do not forget that each person is individual, even if he is only a few months old. If your child doesn't know how to do something, there's no reason to worry; he will definitely acquire this skill later.

The most important thing is to surround the baby with care and love, spend a lot of time with him, talk to him. Then there will be a return, and very soon the child will begin to delight his parents with more and more new skills.